Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine that can appear S or C-shaped, that affects about 2-3% of the population. It can develop at any age but most commonly appears in children and adolescents during growth spurts. In more than 80% of cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown, which is called idiopathic scoliosis.

Scoliosis treatments depend on the severity of the curve. Mild cases often require only regular monitoring to ensure the curve doesn’t worsen. For moderate cases, especially in growing children, a back brace may be recommended to prevent further curvature. In severe cases, or when the curve continues to progress, spinal fusion surgery may be necessary to straighten and stabilize the spine using rods, screws, and anchors.